120 CLINICAL STUDIES AND ARTICLES ON THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF SAFFRON

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4. Salomi, M.J., Nair, S.K., Panikkar, P.R. Black cumin and saffron (Crocus sativus) on chemical carcinogenesis. Nutr. Cancer, 1991, 16, 67–72.                                                &                                                                                                                                                        
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5. Abdullaev F.I., Espinosa-Aguirre J.J. Biomedical properties of saffron and its potential application in radiation therapy and chemopreventive effects. Cancer Detect Prev., 2004, 28, 426–32                                                                                                                                                                                                       
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12. Guteil, V.G.; Reid, G.; Ray, A.; Anant, S.; Dhar, A. Crozetin: a saffron-derived agent for cancer treatment. Course. Pharmacy and Biotechnology, 2012, 13, 173–179.                                                                                                                                                                                                     
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13. Sampatu, S.R., Shivashankar, S. and Lewis, J.S. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): Cultivation, Processing, Chemistry, and Standardization. CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science, 1984, 20, 123–157.                                                                                                                                                                                      
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14. Zargami N.S. and Heinz D.E. Saffron as a salad ingredient. Objective.-Scientific. Technology, 1971, 4, 43–45.
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16. Pfander, H. Sir Schurtenberger, H. Biosynthesis of C20-carotenoids in Crocus sativus. Phytochemistry, 1982, 21 (5), 1039–1042.                                          &                                                                          
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17. Gregor, M.J., Menar, R.K., Davis, N.V. Temperature Control and Regulation. Publications, 2005, 53, 5969–75.                                                                                           
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18. Lage, M., Cantrell, K. Quantitative determination of saffron metabolites (Crocus sativus L.)—crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal—to assess saffron quality does not exist. Sci. Hort., 2009, 121, 366–73.                                                              
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19. Koradi, K. and Mikel, G., General Characteristics of Saffron. Bol. O. Ferma., 1979a. 118 (9), 537–552.
20. Dukenuwa, P. Here’s the situation—a broken situation. Identification and Purity Analysis. Nonsense. Strasbourg Pharmaceutical Society, 1972, 15, 149–159.
21. Alonso G.L., Salinas M.R., Garicho H., Sánchez-Fernández M. Crocus sativus L. J Food Qual., 2001, 24, 219–33.                                           
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22. Bücheker R., Yugster K.H. Absolute manual folding of picrocro. Helv. Chem. Acta., 1973, 56, 1121–1124.                             
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23. Kun R., Winterstein G. The biogenesis of picrocin, a saffron terpenoid glycoside, and a carotenoid carboxylic acid. Naturwissenschaften., 1933, 21, 527.              
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24. Pesnya, Ch. (1990). Chemical composition of saffron (Crocus sativus). Flavonol compounds. Zhongcao Yao, 1990, 21, 439–441.
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28. Nair SC, Kurumboor SK, Hasegawa JH. Saffron chemoprepression in biology and medicine: A review. Cancer Biother., 1995, 10, 257–64.
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29. Bahmani M, Rafieian M, Baradaran A, Rafieian S, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Evaluation of the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of Crocus sativus stigmas in newborn Hemşire mice, J. Nephropathol., 2014, 3, 81–85.
30. Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH, Hosseini M, Rezaee R, Tsatsakis., Effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its components on the nervous system: a review, Avicenna J. Phytomed., 2015, 5, 376–391.
31. Mehri S, Abnous K, Mousavi SH, Şeriatı VM, Hosseinzadeh H., Neuroprotective effect of crocetin on acrylamide-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 2012, 32, 227–235.
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32. Mehri S, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Safety and toxicity of saffron.,2020, 517–530.
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33. Bahmani M, Rafieian M, Baradaran A, Rafieian S, Rafieian-Kopaei M., Evaluation of the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of Crocus sativus stigmas in newborn nurse rats, J. Nephropathol., 2014, 3, 81–85.
34. Karimi GH, Taiebi N, Hosseinzadeh A, Shirzad F., Evaluation of the subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Crocus sativus L. from stigmas and leaves, J. Med. Plants., 2004, 4, 29–35.
35. Ramazan A, Soliman G, Mahmoud SS, Nofal SM, Abdel-Rahman RF., Evaluation of the safety and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus and propolis, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 2012, 16, 13–21.
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36. Hosseinzadeh H, Shakib SS, Sameni AK, Taghiabadi E., Acute and subacute toxicity of safranal, a component of saffron, in mice and rats, Iran. J. Pharm. Res., 2013,15, 1293–99.
37. Mohajeri D, Mousavi G, Mesgari M, Doustar Y, Khayat Nouri MH., Subacute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) stigma ethanol extract in rats, J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2007, 2, 189–193.
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38. Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H, Movassaghi AR, Imenshahidi M, Abnous K., Protective effect of crocin against diazinon-induced cardiotoxicity in rats following subchronic exposure, Chem. Biol. Interact.,2013, 203, 547–555.
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39. Mgbeahuruike EE, Yrjönen T, Vuorela H, Holm Y., Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants: A Focus on Piper Species, S. Afr. J. Bot., 2017, 112, 54–69.
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40. Akhtar NA, Wani AK, Mir TU, Kumar NA, Mannan MA., Sapindus mukorossi: ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities, Plant Cell Biotechnology and Mol. Biol., 2021, 22, 300–319.
41. Wani AK, Singh J, Shukla S. Crocus sativus (saffron) and its phytochemicals: therapeutic applications and toxicity. Pharmacological Research—Modern Chinese Medicine, 2022, 4, 100136.
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42. Zilaee M, Hosseini SA, Jafarirad S, Abolnezhadian F, Cheraghian B, Namjoyan F, Ghadiri A., Evaluation of the effects of saffron supplementation on clinical asthma symptoms and asthma severity in patients with mild to moderate persistent allergic asthma: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Respir. Res., 2019, 20, 1-11
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43. Rajabi F, Rahimi M, Sharbafchizadeh MR, Tarrahi MJ., Saffron for the Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Adv. Biomed. Res., 2020, 9, 60.
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44. Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H., Saffron: A Promising Natural Remedy for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2017, 97, 1679–1685.
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45. Ashktorab H, Soleimani A, Singh G, Amin A, Tabtabaei S, Latella G, Stein U, Akhondzadeh S, Solanki N, Gondré-Lewis MC, Habtezion A. Saffron: the golden spice with therapeutic properties for digestive disorders, Nutrients., 2019, 11.
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46. Samarghandian S, Borji A., Anticarcinogenic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents, Pharmacognosy Res., 2014, 6, 99–107.
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47. A Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Metse AP, Drummond PD., Effects of saffron on sleep quality in healthy adults reporting poor sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, J. Clin. Sleep Med., 2020, 16, 937–947.
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48. Naeimi M, Shafiee M, Kermanshahi F, Khorasanchi Z, Khazaei M, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Gorji N, Hassanian SM., Saffron (Crocus sativus) in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer: current findings and potential mechanisms of action, J. Cell. Biochemistry., 2019, 120.
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49. Mahmoudabady M, Neamati A, Vosooghi S, Aghababa H., Effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus on bronchial inflammatory cells in ovalbumin-sensitized mice, Avicenna J. Phytomed., 2013, 3, 356–363.
50. Sadi R, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Javadzadeh Y, Ahmadi-Bonabi A., The effect of saffron (Fan Hong Hua) on cervical ripening during pregnancy: a placebo-controlled randomized trial, Iran Red Crescent Med. J., 2016, 18, 27241.
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51. Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH, Hosseini M, Rezaee R, Tsatsakis., Effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its components on the nervous system: a review, Avicenna J. Phytomed. 2015, 5, 376–391.
52. Hatziagapiou K, Lambrou GI., The protective role of the Crocus sativus L. (saffron) in protecting against ischemia: reperfusion injury, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis—nature’s defense against cardiovascular diseases, Curr. Cardiol. Rev., 2018, 14, 272–289.
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53. G Gutheil W, Reed G, Ray A, Anant S, Dhar A., Crocetin: a saffron-derived agent for cancer prevention and treatment, Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol., 2011, 13, 173–179.
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54. Xi L, Qian Z. Pharmacological properties of crocin and crocetin (the digentibiose ester of crocetin) from saffron. National Prod. Commun., 2006, 1(1), 1934578X0600100112.
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55. Hamidi Z, Aryaeian N, Abolghasemi J, Shirani F, Hadidi M, Fallah S, Moradi N., The effect of saffron supplementation on clinical outcomes and metabolic profiles in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, Phytother. Res., 2020, 34, 1650–1658.
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56. Siavash Hosseinpour Chermahini SH, Fadzilah Adibah, Mohamad Roji Sarmidi MR, Ehsan Taghizadeh ET, Saleh Salehnezhad SS., The Effect of Saffron as an Anticancer and Antitumor Herb, Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2010, 4, 834–840.
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58. Samarghandian S, Borji A, Farahmand SK, Afshari R, Davoodi S. Aqueous extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) stigma induces apoptosis in human alveolar lung cancer cells via the activation of caspase-dependent pathways. Biomed. Res. Int., 2013, 3, 1–12.
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59. Bathaie SZ, Miri H, Mohagheghi MA, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Shahbazfar AA, Hasanzadeh H., Saffron aqueous extract inhibits the progression of chemically induced gastric cancer in Wistar albino rats, Iran J. Basic Med. Sci., 2013, 16, 27–38.
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104. Samarghandian, S.; Borji, A.; Farahmand, S.K.; Afshari, R.; Davoodi, S. An aqueous extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) stigma induces apoptosis in human alveolar lung cancer cells via the activation of caspase-dependent pathways. BioMed. Res. Int. 2013, 417928.
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